With its high riding position, difficult steering and calamitous risk of “going over the bars” due to its large front wheel, the 1890's saw the penny-farthing era come to a close as bicycle design evolved.

The ‘safety’ cycle, introduced in the late 19th century, marked a major breakthrough in terms of design, comfort and safety. Its lower frame and equal-sized wheels were made possible by the invention of the roller chain by Hans Renold in 1880, eliminating the danger associated with the high-wheeled penny.

Pneumatic tyres, invented by John Boyd Dunlop in 1888, further revolutionised cycling by providing a smoother ride.

Mass production techniques pioneered by manufacturers like Raleigh in the early 1900’s saw bicycles become more accessible. New designs focused on practicality, leading to the creation of models with sturdier frames and reliable coaster brakes. Women’s bicycles, with step-through frames, became popular during this time, reflecting societal changes.

By 1920, cycling was no longer just a novelty or sport - it became a widely used mode of transportation and recreation, paving the way for modern cycling culture.